The Supreme Court's judgment striking down the Electoral Bonds Scheme marks a significant moment in India's democracy. Critically examine the constitutional implications of this ruling with reference to the right to information, electoral finance, and institutional accountability. (150 words)
Introduction
In Association for Democratic Reforms v. Union of India (2024), a five-judge bench unanimously struck down the Electoral Bonds Scheme, ruling it violated Art. 19(1)(a). The judgment expands the right to information into the political finance domain.
Key Points
Topper's Way Forward
Way forward: Parliament must enact a comprehensive Electoral Finance Reform Law with mandatory disclosure, donation caps, and independent audit mechanism under CAG/ECI oversight.
The recovery of Gharial population in the National Chambal Sanctuary demonstrates the efficacy of ecosystem-based conservation. Analyse the role of state cooperation, legal frameworks, and community participation in wildlife conservation in India, with special reference to Uttar Pradesh. (150 words)
Introduction
The Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), once reduced to fewer than 200 individuals, now numbers 2,000+ in the National Chambal Sanctuary — a tri-state conservation success across UP, MP, and Rajasthan.
Key Points
Topper's Way Forward
Way forward: Extend tri-state model to Girwa/Mahanadi rivers; integrate Gharial corridors into National River Conservation Plan; strengthen community steward programmes for nest protection.
💡 Tip: Write your own answer first, then compare with the model answer. 150 words · 10 minutes.